ctla 4 antagonist  (Agenus Inc)

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Antibody-Mediated Inhibition of CTLA4 Aggravates Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation and Progression in Hyperlipidemic Mice.

doi: 10.3390/cells9091987

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Antibody-mediated inhibition of CTLA4 aggravates endothelial activation in Ldlr−/−mice. (A) Representative pictures of the en face expression of ICAM1 on the endothelium of the abdominal aorta. Scale bar: 50 µm. (B) Quantification of the en face expression of ICAM1 by confocal microscopy on the endothelium of the abdominal aorta (n = 4). (C) Representative pictures of the en face expression of VCAM1 on the endothelium of the abdominal aorta. Scale bar: 50 µm. (D) Quantification of the en face expression of VCAM1 by confocal microscopy on the endothelium of the abdominal aorta (n = 4).

Article Snippet: At 12 weeks of age, the mice were treated biweekly with an antagonistic CTLA4 antibody (200 μg/injection; IgG2b, clone: 9D9, BE0164, BioXcell, West Lebanon, NH, USA) or isotype control (200 μg/injection; IgG2b, clone: MPC-11, BE0086, BioXcell) for six weeks.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activation Assay, Expressing, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Antibody-Mediated Inhibition of CTLA4 Aggravates Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation and Progression in Hyperlipidemic Mice.

doi: 10.3390/cells9091987

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Antibody-mediated inhibition of CTLA4 aggravates initial atherosclerosis in the aortic arch. (A) Representative pictures of atherosclerosis in the brachiocephalic trunk (haematoxylin and eosin staining). Scale bar: 100 µm. (B) Atherosclerotic plaque area in the aortic arch (n = 5–9). (C) Morphological analysis of the atherosclerotic plaque phenotype according to the Virmani Classification. (D) Quantification of necrotic core area in plaques. (E) Representative pictures of the plaque macrophage content. Scale bar: 100 µm. (F) Quantification of plaque macrophage content. (G) Immunohistochemical quantification of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells. (H) The CD3/MAC3 ratio in the plaques. (I) Representative pictures of plaque collagen content. Scale bar: 100 µm. (J) Quantification of the collagen content of the atherosclerotic lesions. (K) Representative pictures of plaque smooth muscle cell (αSMA+) content. Scale bar: 100 µm. (L) Quantification of smooth muscle cell (αSMA+) content of the atherosclerotic lesions. (M) The stability index (smooth muscle actin positive area %/necrotic core area %). FCA = fibrous cap atheroma, IX = intimal xanthoma, PIT = pathological intimal thickening.

Article Snippet: At 12 weeks of age, the mice were treated biweekly with an antagonistic CTLA4 antibody (200 μg/injection; IgG2b, clone: 9D9, BE0164, BioXcell, West Lebanon, NH, USA) or isotype control (200 μg/injection; IgG2b, clone: MPC-11, BE0086, BioXcell) for six weeks.

Techniques: Inhibition, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Antibody-Mediated Inhibition of CTLA4 Aggravates Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation and Progression in Hyperlipidemic Mice.

doi: 10.3390/cells9091987

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Antibody-mediated inhibition of CTLA4 promotes the progression of atherosclerosis in the aortic root. (A) Representative pictures of plaques in the aortic root (haematoxylin and eosin staining). Scale bar: 200 µm. (B) Atherosclerotic plaque area in the aortic root (n = 5–9). (C) Morphological analysis of the atherosclerotic plaque phenotype according to the Virmani Classification. (D) Quantification of necrotic core area in plaques. (E) Quantification of plaque macrophage content. (F) Immunohistochemical quantification of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells. (G) Representative pictures of CD3+ cells in the plaque. Scale bar: 150µm. (H) The CD3/MAC3 ratio in the plaques. (I) Quantification of smooth muscle actin and collagen content in the plaques. (J) The stability index (smooth muscle actin positive area %/necrotic core area %). FCA = fibrous cap atheroma, IX = intimal xanthoma, PIT = pathological intimal thickening.

Article Snippet: At 12 weeks of age, the mice were treated biweekly with an antagonistic CTLA4 antibody (200 μg/injection; IgG2b, clone: 9D9, BE0164, BioXcell, West Lebanon, NH, USA) or isotype control (200 μg/injection; IgG2b, clone: MPC-11, BE0086, BioXcell) for six weeks.

Techniques: Inhibition, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining